Bookkeeping core
Lexware Office
SKR03 and SKR04 with automatic migration of existing postings, calendar-month booking periods, and a monthly locking run with a timestamped protocol is a real ledger underneath the screens — the Buchungsmandant scenarios even contemplate the Kanzlei preparing the Jahresabschluss on these books. We found no public information on manual journal postings, opening balances, cost centres or accruals, and the fiscal year is fixed to the calendar year, so a mid-grade ledger is what the pages support.
Xero
The modules are invoicing, payroll and reporting, with bill entry and bank reconciliation on the feature list — a real business's paperwork, but no evidence of a chart of accounts, a journal, free postings, opening balances or any period close. For my clients that is a cash ledger with pretty dashboards, not books I could close a year from.