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Workflow Management

n8n

EU-Made Report an error

Panel rating · 6 judges · How to read the stars

Category median

Sovereignty: not determined

0–5 in half steps. 5 means the rubric's top anchor is met on the evidence.

by n8n GmbH · n8n.io

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n8n: AI-assisted analysis on whats-best.ai n8n: AI-assisted analysis on whats-best.ai (dark)

Add ?theme=dark to the image address for dark backgrounds. The badge shows the category and the month of the latest evaluation, and EU-Made where that is the product’s provenance. It never shows a score.

n8n at a glance

Vendor
n8n GmbH
Headquarters
Not stated on the vendor’s pages as of 13 Oct 2026
Data hosting
Not stated on the vendor’s pages as of 13 Oct 2026
Free plan
Not stated on the vendor’s pages as of 13 Oct 2026
Starting price
“Starter Build and run your first workflows and agents. 20€ /mo, billed annually 2.5k workflow executions with unlimited steps Start free tri...” (vendor’s words) source, captured 1 Oct 2026
Panel verdict
The AI panel rates n8n 3/5, the mean of 6 judges. n8n is a fair-code workflow automation platform from n8n GmbH of Berlin, with a self-hosted edition next to a managed cloud. how scores are made
As of
Vendor pages captured 1 Oct 2026 to 13 Oct 2026; evaluated by the panel 15 Oct 2026. all sources

n8n alternatives, European ones first →

Read this page as one judge. Each weighs the same scores by what they care about.

The Operations Analyst

Weighted verdict

Is asked every Monday why invoices took eleven days. Wants a searchable execution history, cycle times per step, alerts that reach a channel rather than an unread mailbox, runtime and throughput limits published before the month-end run hits them — and to know what a loop over 5,000 rows costs in tasks.

Same scores as the panel view — this lens weights them the way this judge cares.

Scored by The Operations Analyst

Panel median The Operations Analyst This judge’s scores over the panel median. Each label opens its reasoning below.
Scores per criterion, in stars out of 5
Criterion Panel median The Operations Analyst
Process design, forms & approvals 2.5 of 5 2 of 5
Connectors, API & on-premise reach 3 of 5 3 of 5
Execution, error handling & monitoring 3.5 of 5 3 of 5
Governance, credentials & audit trail 3.5 of 5 3 of 5
Hosting options & portability 4 of 5 3.5 of 5
European sovereignty 1.5 of 5 1.5 of 5
Pricing transparency 1.5 of 5 1.5 of 5

Process design, forms & approvals

How this is scored

Modelling the process people take part in: a visual designer or BPMN, forms, approval steps with roles and substitutes, deadlines and escalation, and versioning of a process that is already running — judged on whether a business owner can change a process without breaking the instances in flight.

0 — Linear trigger-action chains only; no human steps, no forms and no statement on approvals or roles.

3 — A visual builder with branching and a simple approval step, but approvers are named individuals rather than roles, there are no deadlines or escalation, and changing a process has no versioning.

5 — A visual designer with conditions and parallel paths, built-in forms, approval steps assigned to roles or groups, deadlines with reminders, and versions of a process kept with the running instances on their original version.

8 — BPMN 2.0 modelling or an equivalent documented notation, substitutes and escalation chains, multi-stage approvals with four-eyes rules, forms in German with validation and file upload, a task inbox for participants, and a test or simulation mode before publishing.

10 — The process is a governed asset: version history with diff and rollback, migration of running instances to a new version documented, process analytics on cycle time and bottlenecks per step, and the design documented well enough that a business team can maintain it without the vendor.

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The Operations Analyst

Visual building with switch-node branching and even parallel branches shows up in the published templates, and approvals are genuinely engineered — configurable polling with poll interval and max attempts, reminders, timeouts, and approve/revision/reject outcomes, plus Git version control and workflow history for changes. But the forms in the examples are external Google Forms, approvers are named individuals reached by Gmail or a ClickUp task, and we found no public information on role- or substitute-based approval assignment or a participant task inbox. 1 2 6 7 12

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Connectors, API & on-premise reach

How this is scored

Reaching the systems a European company actually runs: maintained connectors judged by name rather than count, a generic HTTP and webhook step, custom connectors, and a way to reach systems behind the firewall without opening it.

0 — No connectors beyond email, and no API or webhook step.

3 — A large connector count on a logo wall, with no statement of which actions each supports or who maintains them, and no generic HTTP step.

5 — Named connectors with their triggers and actions documented, including Microsoft 365 and at least one ERP or accounting system common in DACH (e.g. SAP, DATEV, Microsoft Dynamics), a generic HTTP/REST step, inbound webhooks, and a documented API to start and query workflows.

8 — Custom connectors buildable from an OpenAPI description or code, an on-premise agent or self-hosted runner reaching internal databases and file shares, SOAP and database steps, OAuth handled per connection, and connector maintenance ownership (vendor, partner or community) stated.

10 — Integration is engineered: a versioned public API with a deprecation policy, connector changelogs, rate limits per connector published, event-driven triggers rather than polling where the source allows it, and the vendor maintaining the German-market connectors (DATEV, SAP, ELO or d.velop) itself.

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The Operations Analyst

A documented HTTP Request node and webhook node, a public API exposing workflows and credentials, custom nodes in the self-hosted edition, and the whole engine deployable on-prem beside named Postgres and MySQL connectors cover most of what must reach behind the firewall. We found no public information on SAP, DATEV or any DACH ERP connector, on connector maintenance ownership, or on per-connection OAuth handling, which keeps it a notch short of the top. 1 9 13 2 9

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Execution, error handling & monitoring

How this is scored

What happens when a step fails at 3 a.m.: retries, error paths, alerting, an execution history someone can search, limits on runtime and throughput, and a status page that admits incidents.

0 — Nothing stated about failed runs; an error stops the workflow silently.

3 — Failed runs are marked and an email is sent, but retries are manual, execution history is short or undocumented, and runtime and throughput limits are unstated.

5 — Automatic retries with configurable back-off, an error path or error workflow, a searchable execution log with input and output per step, failure alerts by email or chat, and runtime, payload and rate limits documented.

8 — Replay of a failed run from the failing step, idempotency guidance, queueing and concurrency controls, execution history retention stated per plan, monitoring exportable to the customer's own tools, and a public status page with incident history and an uptime commitment.

10 — Operations are designed for production: an SLA with service credits, horizontal scaling or high-availability setup documented for self-hosted installs, dead-letter handling, end-to-end tracing across workflows, and post-incident reports published.

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The Operations Analyst

Error workflows send email carrying the failed workflow id, name, error source and a machine-readable JSON body, executions are searchable by the data they contain, single steps can be re-run without the whole run, logs stream to tools like Datadog, and — rare and welcome — the caps are public: run duration of 5 to 40 minutes by tier, log retention from 7 days to unlimited, concurrency from 5 to 200+. We found no public information on automatic retries with back-off, a status page with incident history, or a service commitment with credits. 1 2 11 2

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Governance, credentials & audit trail

How this is scored

Keeping automation from becoming shadow IT: roles and permissions, SSO, where connection credentials are stored, separate environments with controlled publishing, an audit trail of changes and approvals, and what the execution log retains of the payload. An approval record is also a record of employees' behaviour, so what the trail captures matters to a works council.

0 — Single-user accounts or one shared login; no roles, no audit log and no statement on credential storage.

3 — Admin and member roles and shared team folders, but credentials are visible to anyone who can edit a workflow, there is no audit log, and execution payloads are kept without a stated period.

5 — Role-based permissions per workflow or folder, SSO via SAML or OIDC, credentials stored encrypted and usable without being revealed, an audit log of workflow changes, and the retention period of execution data stated.

8 — Separate development, test and production environments with a publishing approval, SCIM provisioning, external secret stores supported, payload redaction or log-off per workflow, configurable execution data retention, and the audit trail exportable — with the fields it records about users described.

10 — Governance a works council and an auditor can both sign off: field-level masking of personal data in logs, delegated administration per department, a central inventory of every workflow and connection with its owner, certifications published (ISO 27001 or SOC 2), and documentation of what the platform records about individual users.

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The Operations Analyst

SAML and LDAP single sign-on, admin roles, an encrypted credential store with external secret store integration, execution data redaction, instance-wide 2FA enforcement, audit logging and stated log retention per tier are all published, with dev/prod instances, Git and workflow diff on the upper tiers. We found no public information on SCIM provisioning, export of the audit trail, what the trail records about individual users, or ISO 27001/SOC 2 certification — the details a works council would ask about. 2 15 2

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Hosting options & portability

How this is scored

Where the engine runs and whether the workflows can leave: cloud regions, self-hosted or on-premise editions, the licence of the engine, and export of workflow definitions in a format another tool or a later version can read.

0 — Cloud-only with no stated region, and no export of workflow definitions.

3 — Cloud-only with a region named, and an export that produces a proprietary file only the same product can import.

5 — An EU cloud region selectable, workflow definitions exportable as documented JSON or BPMN 2.0, and an API to read definitions and execution history for backup.

8 — A self-hosted or on-premise edition with its system requirements documented, workflow definitions versionable in Git, the engine's licence published, and a documented migration path between cloud and self-hosted in both directions.

10 — The customer owns its automation: an open-source or source-available engine, definitions in an open standard executable elsewhere, air-gapped installation supported, and a stated exit process that hands back definitions, credentials metadata and execution history in documented formats.

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The Operations Analyst

Deploy with Docker on your own servers, air-gapped if needed, with the source code on GitHub, workflow export from the cloud dashboard and file import into self-hosted, plus Git version control of definitions — real ownership of the engine. The captured migration path is manual and one-direction only, credentials cannot be exported from the cloud, and we found no public information on documented system requirements or a route back from self-hosted to cloud. 1 2 14 15 1

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European sovereignty

How this is scored

Who the contracting entity is, where workflows execute and where execution logs with their payload copies are stored, and who the subprocessors are — including the AI model providers behind any AI steps. Independently sourced by the sovereignty pipeline. A self-hosted edition counts only for the data that actually stays on the customer's servers.

0 — Non-EU vendor and contracting entity, execution location unstated, and subprocessors unnamed.

3 — An EU region offered as an option while the contracting entity is non-EU, or the subprocessor list is absent, or AI steps send data to model providers of unstated location.

5 — EU execution and log storage as standard and an EU contracting entity, but parts of the chain — AI steps, support access, telemetry — are non-EU without an explained safeguard.

8 — EU execution on named infrastructure, EU contracting entity, subprocessor list published with locations including AI providers, a DPA covering execution payloads, and a self-hosted option that sends no workflow data to the vendor.

10 — Sovereign end to end and evidenced: European ownership, entity, hosting and every subprocessor, AI steps runnable on European or self-hosted models, certification published, and a self-hosted edition that works without any call home.

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The Operations Analyst

Beyond a Berlin address in the vendor provenance, we found no public information on where cloud workflows execute or where their logs are stored, no subprocessor list, and the AI providers in the published templates — Groq, Mistral, OpenRouter — are of unstated location, while self-hosted sends telemetry unless the customer opts out. The privacy policy's positives — IP anonymisation and no training of ML models on personal data — do not close those gaps. 1 3 6

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Pricing transparency

How this is scored

Whether a buyer can compute the monthly cost of their own processes from public pages alone: what the billing unit is (task, operation, execution, run, user or flow) and what counts as one, the allowance per tier, overage prices, and the cost of premium connectors, self-hosting, environments and AI steps.

0 — No public prices at all; every tier is a sales conversation.

3 — A starting price exists, but the billing unit is undefined or what counts as one task or execution is unstated — the invoice is unknowable.

5 — Tier prices public with the billing unit defined and the monthly allowance given, but at least one commonly needed piece (overage, premium connectors, extra environments, self-hosted licence, AI steps) is unpriced.

8 — Every tier priced publicly with its unit, allowance and limits, overage priced per unit, premium connector and add-on prices listed, self-hosted licensing stated, minimum term and VAT treatment given.

10 — Complete price computability: the monthly cost derivable for a given number of workflows, runs and steps per run, with a published calculator or worked examples, every add-on and overage on a public page, and the effect of loops and retries on the count explained.

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The Operations Analyst

Allowances and limits are public — unlimited users and workflows on all plans, concurrency of 5 to 200+, assistant credits per month — and a support article confirms the monthly execution count is the meter that can be reset once as a courtesy. But no price figure for any tier appears on the captured pricing pages, and we found no public information on what a run with loops or retries adds to the count, so the monthly invoice is not computable from the public pages. 2 10 2

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European sovereignty — proven facts

0 of 4 dimensions proven

Built only from facts shown on the vendor's own pages. A dimension we could not prove is left open, not scored as zero.

Ownership Not determined — uncited Report an error
Data residency Not determined — uncited Report an error
Subprocessors Not determined — uncited Report an error

Questions about n8n

Is n8n European?

Yes. whats-best.ai classifies n8n as EU-Made.

Where does n8n store data?

Not stated on the vendor’s pages as of 13 Oct 2026.

Does n8n have a free plan?

Not stated on the vendor’s pages as of 13 Oct 2026.

What are the best alternatives to n8n?

As of 15 Oct 2026, the panel rates Tray.ai (3/5), Camunda (2.5/5) and Frends (2.5/5) highest among the other 16 Workflow Management products evaluated. Ratings that look equal are rounded to half stars; the order uses the unrounded rating, then the name. The highest-rated European alternative is Camunda (EU-Made). Ratings are the AI panel’s opinion, formed from public evidence: how scores are made. The full list, with European products first: n8n alternatives.

Where this could be wrong

What we left out

A claim that does not survive our checks costs us the claim, not the page. This is what was taken off this one.

Do you know more about n8n? Tell us Report an error on this page

Sources (15)

The pages every claim on this page was read from — each one checked, dated, and kept verifiable.

  1. 1 Vendor homepage n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 +1 earlier capture: 1 Oct 2026 Details →
  2. 2 Pricing page n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 +1 earlier capture: 1 Oct 2026 Details →
  3. 3 Privacy policy n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 Details →
  4. 4 Legal notice n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 Details →
  5. 5 Legal hub with terms of service n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 Details →
  6. 6 Process design, forms & approvals — found from sitemap n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 +1 earlier capture: 1 Oct 2026 Details →
  7. 7 Process design, forms & approvals — found from sitemap n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 Details →
  8. 8 Connectors, API & on-premise reach — found from sitemap n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 +1 earlier capture: 1 Oct 2026 Details →
  9. 9 Connectors, API & on-premise reach — found from sitemap n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 +1 earlier capture: 1 Oct 2026 Details →
  10. 10 Execution, error handling & monitoring — found from sitemap support.n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 Details →
  11. 11 Execution, error handling & monitoring — found from sitemap n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 +1 earlier capture: 1 Oct 2026 Details →
  12. 12 Governance, credentials & audit trail — found from sitemap n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 +1 earlier capture: 1 Oct 2026 Details →
  13. 13 Governance, credentials & audit trail — found from sitemap n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 Details →
  14. 14 Hosting options & portability — found from sitemap n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 Details →
  15. 15 Hosting options & portability — found from sitemap support.n8n.io Checked 13 Oct 2026 +1 earlier capture: 1 Oct 2026 Details →